Raupapa pH/ORP/ION
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Ngā Pūoko Irahiko Ā-hauora Rs485 CS6510C-S8
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
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CS6511C Pūhaumāota Ion Hiko mō te Aroturuki Wai
Ko te aroturuki katote ahumahi ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai.
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakahaere ko te whakahaere tukanga i te wā tūturu, te kitenga wawe i ngā poke, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ā-ringa. I roto i ngā tipu hiko me ngā pūnaha wai ahumahi, ka ārai i te kino o te waikura utu nui mā te aroturuki i te urunga o te hauota ki roto i te wai whāngai poiha me ngā ara iahiko whakamatao. Mō ngā tono taiao, ka aroturukihia e ia ngā taumata hauota i roto i ngā tukunga waipara me ngā wai taiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao.
Kei roto i ngā aroturuki pūhaumāota hou ngā hoahoa pūoko pakari mō ngā taiao uaua, ngā tikanga horoi aunoa hei ārai i te poke, me ngā atanga matihiko hei whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Mā te whakatinanatanga ka taea te tiaki matatau, ka whakarite i te kounga o te hua, ā, ka tautoko i ngā mahi whakahaere wai pumau mā te whakahaere matū tika. -
Hikohiko Ā-wai Chloride CS6511A-S8 mō te Aroturuki Wai
Ko te aroturuki katote ahumahi ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai.
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakahaere ko te whakahaere tukanga i te wā tūturu, te kitenga wawe i ngā poke, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ā-ringa. I roto i ngā tipu hiko me ngā pūnaha wai ahumahi, ka ārai i te kino o te waikura utu nui mā te aroturuki i te urunga o te hauota ki roto i te wai whāngai poiha me ngā ara iahiko whakamatao. Mō ngā tono taiao, ka aroturukihia e ia ngā taumata hauota i roto i ngā tukunga waipara me ngā wai taiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao.
Kei roto i ngā aroturuki pūhaumāota hou ngā hoahoa pūoko pakari mō ngā taiao uaua, ngā tikanga horoi aunoa hei ārai i te poke, me ngā atanga matihiko hei whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Mā te whakatinanatanga ka taea te tiaki matatau, ka whakarite i te kounga o te hua, ā, ka tautoko i ngā mahi whakahaere wai pumau mā te whakahaere matū tika. -
Ngā Pūoko Hikohiko Ā-Iona CS6710C Rs485 Modbus 4-20ma
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
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Pūoko Ārai Hauota Ipurangi mō te Ine Kounga CS6510A-K9 OEM Whakaritenga
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
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Ngā Pūoko Irahiko Ā-hauora CS6510A-S8 Rs485 Modbus 4-20ma
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
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Pūoko Ion Hauāwai RS485 CS6510A Hiko Ion Hauāwai
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
Ko ngā painga matua o te irahiko fluoride ko tōna tino whiriwhiringa i runga i ētahi atu anion noa, te whānuitanga hihiri whānui (mai i te 10⁻⁶ M ki ngā otinga kua mātotoru), te urupare tere, te roa o te ora, me te iti o te utu whakahaere. Ka taea te tātari tere me te kore e hiahiatia he whakarite tauira uaua, he tauhohenga tae rānei. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mita kawe mō te whakamātautau mara, i ngā tātaritanga papa taiwhanga, i whakauruhia rānei ki roto i ngā pūnaha aroturuki ipurangi, ko te fluoride ISE tonu te tikanga whiriwhiri mō te ine fluoride tika, whai hua, me te haere tonu.
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CS6710A Hikohiko Ā-pūhaumāota Ipurangi Mamati F- Cl- Ca2+ NO3- NH4+ K+ Mārō
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
Ko ngā painga matua o te irahiko fluoride ko tōna tino whiriwhiringa i runga i ētahi atu anion noa, te whānuitanga hihiri whānui (mai i te 10⁻⁶ M ki ngā otinga kua mātotoru), te urupare tere, te roa o te ora, me te iti o te utu whakahaere. Ka taea te tātari tere me te kore e hiahiatia he whakarite tauira uaua, he tauhohenga tae rānei. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mita kawe mō te whakamātautau mara, i ngā tātaritanga papa taiwhanga, i whakauruhia rānei ki roto i ngā pūnaha aroturuki ipurangi, ko te fluoride ISE tonu te tikanga whiriwhiri mō te ine fluoride tika, whai hua, me te haere tonu.
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Pūrere Aroturuki Ion Fluoride W8588F Ipurangi me te Tautoko Whakaritenga OEM
Ko te aroturuki ion ā-ipurangi ahumahi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai e ahu mai ana i te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko ion e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, te whakarewa me te hikohiko, te keri, te hanga pepa, te tukatuka koiora, ngā rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i te kukū ion i roto i ngā wairewa wai.
Ko te matua o te aroturuki he irahiko whiriwhiri-ātete fluoride (ISE), he pūoko totoka te nuinga o te wā i hangaia mai i te tioata fluoride lanthanum. Ka taunekeneke whiriwhiri tēnei kiriuhi me ngā ātete fluoride, ka whakaputa i te rerekētanga pūmanawa e rite ana ki tā rātou mahi i roto i te tauira. Ka aunoatia e te pūnaha ine whakauru te huringa tātari katoa: ka tāia he tauira, ka tāpirihia he Pūnaha Whakatikatika Kaha Ātete Katoa (TISAB)—he mea nui mō te whakaū i te pH, te whakatika i te kaha ātete, me te tuku i ngā ātete fluoride e herea ana e ngā matatini konumohe, rino rānei—ā, ka mahi i te ine pūngao me te tatau raraunga. -
Aroturuki Ātete Hauhā W8088F
Ko te aroturuki ion ā-ipurangi ahumahi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai e ahu mai ana i te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko ion e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, te whakarewa me te hikohiko, te keri, te hanga pepa, te tukatuka koiora, ngā rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i te kukū ion i roto i ngā wairewa wai.
Ko te matua o te aroturuki he irahiko whiriwhiri-ātete fluoride (ISE), he pūoko totoka te nuinga o te wā i hangaia mai i te tioata fluoride lanthanum. Ka taunekeneke whiriwhiri tēnei kiriuhi me ngā ātete fluoride, ka whakaputa i te rerekētanga pūmanawa e rite ana ki tā rātou mahi i roto i te tauira. Ka aunoatia e te pūnaha ine whakauru te huringa tātari katoa: ka tāia he tauira, ka tāpirihia he Pūnaha Whakatikatika Kaha Ātete Katoa (TISAB)—he mea nui mō te whakaū i te pH, te whakatika i te kaha ātete, me te tuku i ngā ātete fluoride e herea ana e ngā matatini konumohe, rino rānei—ā, ka mahi i te ine pūngao me te tatau raraunga. -
Aroturuki Ātete Hauhā W8288F
He taputapu tātari ipurangi nui te Aroturuki Ion Fluoride i hangaia mō te ine tonu, i te wā tūturu o te kukū ion fluoride (F⁻) i roto i te wai. He mahi nui tāna i roto i te hauora tūmatanui, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao. Ko tana whakamahinga tino nui ko te aroturuki tika me te horopeta o te fluoride i roto i ngā pūnaha wai inu ā-tāone, i reira e hiahiatia ana te fluoridation tino pai hei tiaki i te hauora niho. He rite tonu te hiranga i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi, pērā i te hanga semiconductor, te whakakikorua hiko, me te hanga tongi, i reira me tino whakahaere ngā taumata fluoride kia pai ai te tukanga me te ārai i te waikura o ngā taputapu, te takahi rānei i ngā tukunga taiao.
Ko te matua o te aroturuki he irahiko whiriwhiri-ātete fluoride (ISE), he pūoko totoka te nuinga o te wā i hangaia mai i te tioata fluoride lanthanum. Ka taunekeneke whiriwhiri tēnei kiriuhi me ngā ātete fluoride, ka whakaputa i te rerekētanga pūmanawa e rite ana ki tā rātou mahi i roto i te tauira. Ka aunoatia e te pūnaha ine whakauru te huringa tātari katoa: ka tāia he tauira, ka tāpirihia he Pūnaha Whakatikatika Kaha Ātete Katoa (TISAB)—he mea nui mō te whakaū i te pH, te whakatika i te kaha ātete, me te tuku i ngā ātete fluoride e herea ana e ngā matatini konumohe, rino rānei—ā, ka mahi i te ine pūngao me te tatau raraunga. -
Aroturuki Ātete Hauhā T6510F
He taputapu tātari ipurangi nui te Aroturuki Ion Fluoride i hangaia mō te ine tonu, i te wā tūturu o te kukū ion fluoride (F⁻) i roto i te wai. He mahi nui tāna i roto i te hauora tūmatanui, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao. Ko tana whakamahinga tino nui ko te aroturuki tika me te horopeta o te fluoride i roto i ngā pūnaha wai inu ā-tāone, i reira e hiahiatia ana te fluoridation tino pai hei tiaki i te hauora niho. He rite tonu te hiranga i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi, pērā i te hanga semiconductor, te whakakikorua hiko, me te hanga tongi, i reira me tino whakahaere ngā taumata fluoride kia pai ai te tukanga me te ārai i te waikura o ngā taputapu, te takahi rānei i ngā tukunga taiao.
Ko te matua o te aroturuki he irahiko whiriwhiri-ātete fluoride (ISE), he pūoko totoka te nuinga o te wā i hangaia mai i te tioata fluoride lanthanum. Ka taunekeneke whiriwhiri tēnei kiriuhi me ngā ātete fluoride, ka whakaputa i te rerekētanga pūmanawa e rite ana ki tā rātou mahi i roto i te tauira. Ka aunoatia e te pūnaha ine whakauru te huringa tātari katoa: ka tāia he tauira, ka tāpirihia he Pūnaha Whakatikatika Kaha Ātete Katoa (TISAB)—he mea nui mō te whakaū i te pH, te whakatika i te kaha ātete, me te tuku i ngā ātete fluoride e herea ana e ngā matatini konumohe, rino rānei—ā, ka mahi i te ine pūngao me te tatau raraunga. -
Aroturuki Ātete Hauhā T6010F
He taputapu tātari ipurangi nui te Aroturuki Ion Fluoride i hangaia mō te ine tonu, i te wā tūturu o te kukū ion fluoride (F⁻) i roto i te wai. He mahi nui tāna i roto i te hauora tūmatanui, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao. Ko tana whakamahinga tino nui ko te aroturuki tika me te horopeta o te fluoride i roto i ngā pūnaha wai inu ā-tāone, i reira e hiahiatia ana te fluoridation tino pai hei tiaki i te hauora niho. He rite tonu te hiranga i roto i ngā taiao ahumahi, pērā i te hanga semiconductor, te whakakikorua hiko, me te hanga tongi, i reira me tino whakahaere ngā taumata fluoride kia pai ai te tukanga me te ārai i te waikura o ngā taputapu, te takahi rānei i ngā tukunga taiao.
Ko te matua o te aroturuki he irahiko whiriwhiri-ātete fluoride (ISE), he pūoko totoka te nuinga o te wā i hangaia mai i te tioata fluoride lanthanum. Ka taunekeneke whiriwhiri tēnei kiriuhi me ngā ātete fluoride, ka whakaputa i te rerekētanga pūmanawa e rite ana ki tā rātou mahi i roto i te tauira. Ka aunoatia e te pūnaha ine whakauru te huringa tātari katoa: ka tāia he tauira, ka tāpirihia he Pūnaha Whakatikatika Kaha Ātete Katoa (TISAB)—he mea nui mō te whakaū i te pH, te whakatika i te kaha ātete, me te tuku i ngā ātete fluoride e herea ana e ngā matatini konumohe, rino rānei—ā, ka mahi i te ine pūngao me te tatau raraunga.
Ko ngā painga matua o te Pūoko Ārai Hauota ko tōna kaha ki te mahi 24/7 me te kore e tirotirohia, te urupare tonu mō te inenga matū aunoa, me ngā raraunga au roa pono mō ngā pūrongo ture. Kei roto i ngā pūnaha hou ngā tikanga horoi-ake, te whakatikatika aunoa, me ngā mahi whakaoho hei whakatūpato i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki ngā rerekētanga mai i ngā pūwāhi kua whakaritea. Mā te whakarite i ngā taumata hauota tika me te rite tonu, ka tiakina e tēnei taputapu te hauora o te marea, ka arotau i te whakamahinga matū, ā, ka āwhina i ngā ahumahi ki te pupuri i te haumaru mahi me te tiaki taiao.
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Ngā Pūoko Irahiko Ā-hauora CS6510C Rs485
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
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Irahiko Pāhare pākawa (K⁺) CS6512A
Momo: Kirihou PVC Irahiko Kōwhiri-Katote Awhe Ine: 0.04-39000mg/LpH Awhe:2 – 12 pH Awhe Pāmahana:0 – 50 °C Ātete Pēhanga:Kāore e Ātete Pēhanga Pūoko Pāmahana Whakauru:Kāore Rauemi Whare: EP (Kirihou Hangarau) Miro Hononga:PG13.5 Roa Taura:5m paerewa (Kei te wātea ngā roa ritenga) Whakamutunga Taura: Paerewa pito tine (Kei te wātea ngā whakamutu ritenga)