Aroturuki Kounga Wai Ipurangi
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Aroturuki Aunoa Kounga Wai T9000 CODcr Ipurangi
Ka aunoatia e te tātari te tikanga whakapūngao dichromate paerewa. Ka tangohia he tauira wai i ia wā, ka tāpirihia he nui tika o te whakapūngao pāhare pākawa dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) me te waikawa whanariki kukū (H₂SO₄) me te hiriwa sulfate (Ag₂SO₄) hei whakakorikori, ā, ka whakamahana i te ranunga hei whakatere i te whakapūngao. I muri i te nakunaku, ka inehia te dichromate e toe ana mā te colorimetry, te potentiometric titration rānei. Ka tatau te taputapu i te kukū COD i runga i te kai whakapūngao. Ka whakauruhia e ngā tauira matatau ngā tauhohenga nakunaku, ngā pūnaha whakamatao, me ngā kōwae whakahaere para mō te haumaru me te tika. -
T9001 Tātari Kounga Wai Hauota Haukini
1. Tirohanga Whānui mō te Hua:
Ko te hauota haukini i roto i te wai e pā ana ki te haukini i roto i te āhua o te haukini kore utu, e ahu mai ana i ngā hua pirau o ngā mea rauropi kei roto te hauota i roto i te paru o te whare e ngā moroiti, ngā paru ahumahi pēnei i te hauota hangai, te haukini hangai, me te rerenga wai whenua ahuwhenua. Ina nui te nui o te hauota haukini i roto i te wai, he paitini ki ngā ika, ā, he kino ki te tangata i ngā taumata rerekē. He āwhina te whakatau i te nui o te hauota haukini i roto i te wai ki te aromatawai i te parahanga me te purenga-ake o te wai, nō reira he tohu nui te hauota haukini mō te parahanga wai.
Ka taea e te tātari te mahi aunoa me te haere tonu mō te wā roa, me te kore e tirotirohia e ai ki ngā tautuhinga o te papaanga. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā wai parahanga o ngā pūtake parahanga ahumahi, ngā wai parahanga o ngā whare rongoā wai parahanga ā-tāone, te wai mata kounga taiao me ētahi atu wā. E ai ki te uauatanga o ngā āhuatanga whakamātautau o te papaanga, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te pūnaha maimoatanga o mua e tika ana kia pono ai te tukanga whakamātautau, kia tika ai ngā hua whakamātautau, ā, kia tutuki katoa ai ngā hiahia o ngā wā rerekē.
He pai tēnei tikanga mō ngā wai para me te hauota haukini kei roto i te awhe 0-300 mg/L. Tērā pea ka whakararuraru te ine i te nui rawa o ngā katote konupūmā me te konupora, te toenga o te hauota, te paru rānei. -
Aroturuki Aunoa Ipurangi T9002 Phosphorus Katoa mō te Ahumahi Ipurangi Aunoa
Ko te Total Phosphorus Water Quality Monitor he taputapu tātari ipurangi nui i hangaia mō te ine tonu, i te wā tūturu o te kukū katoa o te phosphorus (TP) i roto i te wai. Hei matūkai matua, ko te phosphorus te mea matua e whai wāhi ana ki te eutrophication i roto i ngā pūnaha rauropi wai, ka hua ake he puāwaitanga rimurimu kino, te whakaiti hāora, me te ngaronga o te kanorau koiora. Ko te aroturuki i te katoa o te phosphorus—tae atu ki ngā momo phosphorus kore-waro me ngā momo phosphorus waro katoa—he mea nui mō te whai i ngā ture mō te tukunga wai para, te tiaki i ngā puna wai inu, me te whakahaere i te rerenga ahuwhenua me te tāone. -
Aroturuki Aunoa Ipurangi T9003 Hauota Katoa
Tirohanga Whānui mō te Hua:
Ko te nuinga o te hauota i roto i te wai ka ahu mai i ngā hua pirau o ngā mea rauropi kei roto te hauota i roto i ngā paru o te whare e ngā moroiti, ngā paru ahumahi pēnei i te tunu kai, te haukini hangai, me te rerenga wai whenua ahuwhenua. Ina nui te nui o te hauota i roto i te wai, he paitini ki ngā ika, ā, he kino ki te tangata i ngā taumata rerekē. He āwhina te whakatau i te nui o te hauota i roto i te wai hei aromatawai i te parahanga me te purenga o te wai, nō reira he tohu nui te nui o te hauota o te parahanga wai.
Ka taea e te tātari te mahi aunoa me te haere tonu mō te wā roa, me te kore e tirotirohia e ai ki ngā tautuhinga o te papaanga. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā wai parahanga o ngā pūtake parahanga ahumahi, ngā wai parahanga o ngā whare rongoā wai parahanga ā-tāone, te wai mata kounga taiao me ētahi atu wā. E ai ki te uauatanga o ngā āhuatanga whakamātautau o te papaanga, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te pūnaha maimoatanga o mua e tika ana kia pono ai te tukanga whakamātautau, kia tika ai ngā hua whakamātautau, ā, kia tutuki katoa ai ngā hiahia o ngā wā rerekē.
He pai tēnei tikanga mō ngā wai para me te hauota katoa kei roto i te awhe 0-50mg/L. Tērā pea ka whakararuraru te ine i te nui rawa o ngā katote konupūmā me te konupora, te toenga o te hauota, te paru rānei. -
Aroturuki Aunoa Ipurangi mō te Kounga Wai BOD T9008
Ko te Aroturuki Kounga Wai Ipurangi (BOD) (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) he taputapu matatau kua hangaia mō te ine tonu, i te wā tūturu o te kukū BOD i roto i te wai. Ko te BOD he tohu matua mō te nui o ngā mea waro pirau-koiora me te taumata o te mahi moroiti i roto i te wai, e mea nui ai te aroturukitanga mō te aromatawai i te parahanga wai, te aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga wai para, me te whakarite kia tutukihia ngā ture taiao. He rerekē ki ngā whakamātautau BOD taiwhanga tuku iho, e hiahia ana ki te wā whakatipu 5-rā (BOD₅), ka whakaratohia e ngā aroturuki ipurangi ngā raraunga tonu, ka taea ai te whakahaere tukanga matatau me ngā wawaotanga wā tika. -
Aroturuki Aunoa Ipurangi T9001 Hauota Haukini
Ko te hauota haukini i roto i te wai e pā ana ki te haukini i roto i te āhua o te haukini kore utu, e ahu mai ana i ngā hua pirau o ngā mea rauropi kei roto te hauota i roto i te paru o te whare e ngā moroiti, ngā paru ahumahi pēnei i te hauota hangai, te haukini hangai, me te rerenga wai whenua ahuwhenua. Ina nui te nui o te hauota haukini i roto i te wai, he paitini ki ngā ika, ā, he kino ki te tangata i ngā taumata rerekē. He āwhina te whakatau i te nui o te hauota haukini i roto i te wai ki te aromatawai i te parahanga me te purenga-ake o te wai, nō reira he tohu nui te hauota haukini mō te parahanga wai. -
Aroturuki Aunoa Kounga Wai T9000 CODcr Ipurangi
Ko te hiahia matū mō te hāora (COD) e pā ana ki te kukū papatipu o te hāora e pau ana i ngā waikura i te wā e waikura ana ngā matū whakaiti waro me te kore-waro i roto i ngā tauira wai me ngā waikura kaha i raro i ētahi āhuatanga. He tohu nui anō hoki te COD e whakaatu ana i te nui o te parahanga o te wai e ngā matū whakaiti waro me te kore-waro. Ka aunoa te tātari i te tikanga waikura dichromate paerewa. Ka tangohia he tauira wai i ia wā, ka tāpirihia he nui tika o te waikura pāhare pākawa dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) me te waikawa whanariki kukū (H₂SO₄) me te hiriwa sulfate (Ag₂SO₄) hei whakakorikori, ā, ka whakamahana i te ranunga hei whakatere i te waikura. I muri i te nakunaku, ka inehia te dichromate e toe ana mā te colorimetry, te titration potentiometric rānei. Ka tatau te taputapu i te kukū COD i runga i te kai waikura. Ka whakauruhia e ngā tauira matatau ngā tauhohenga nakunaku, ngā pūnaha whakamatao, me ngā kōwae whakahaere para mō te haumaru me te tika. -
Aroturuki Aunoa Ipurangi T9002 Phosphorus Katoa
He tino pāngia te nuinga o ngā rauropi moana e ngā patupatu organophosphorus. Ko ētahi pepeke e ātete ana ki te kukū o ngā patupatu ka taea te whakamate wawe i ngā rauropi moana. He matū nui kei roto i te tinana tangata e kawe ana i ngā io, e kiia nei ko te acetylcholinesterase. Ka taea e te organophosphorus te aukati i te cholinesterase, ā, kāore e taea te wawahi i te acetyl cholinesterase, ka hua ake he nui te acetylcholinesterase i roto i te pokapū io, ka arahi pea ki te paihana me te mate. Ko ngā patupatu organophosphorus horopeta iti mō te wā roa, ehara i te mea ka puta noa te paihana mau tonu, engari ka puta hoki he tūponotanga mate pukupuku me te mate pukupuku. -
Aroturuki Aunoa Ipurangi T9003 Hauota Katoa
Ko te nuinga o te hauota i roto i te wai ka ahu mai i ngā hua pirau o ngā mea rauropi kei roto te hauota i roto i ngā paru o te whare e ngā moroiti, ngā paru ahumahi pēnei i te tunu kai, te haukini hangai, me te rerenga wai whenua ahuwhenua. Ina nui te nui o te hauota i roto i te wai, he paitini ki ngā ika, ā, he kino ki te tangata i ngā taumata rerekē. He āwhina te whakatau i te nui o te hauota i roto i te wai hei aromatawai i te parahanga me te purenga o te wai, nō reira he tohu nui te nui o te hauota o te parahanga wai. -
Aroturuki Aunoa Ipurangi mō te Kounga Wai BOD T9008
Ko te tauira wai, te otinga nakunaku pāhare pāporo-rua-kōromata, te otinga hiriwa whanariki (te hiriwa whanariki hei whakakorikori hei hono atu i te waikura ngako mekameka tika) me te ranunga waikawa whanariki ka whakamahanahia ki te 175 ℃, ka whakamahanahia te waikura katote rua-kōromata o te mea waro i muri i te huringa tae, ka kitea e te tātari ngā huringa tae, ka hurihia te huringa ki te uara BOD ka puta me te kai o te ihirangi katote rua-kōromata o te nui o te mea waro ka taea te whakakorikori. -
Aroturuki Aunoa Ipurangi mō te Kounga Wai Chromium Katoa T9010Cr
Ka taea e te tātari te mahi aunoa me te mahi tonu mō te wā roa, me te kore e tirotirohia, e ai ki te tautuhinga o te papaanga, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā wai parahanga tukunga parahanga ahumahi, ngā wai parahanga tukanga ahumahi, ngā wai parahanga o ngā whare maimoatanga parahanga ahumahi, ngā wai parahanga o ngā whare maimoatanga parahanga ā-tāone me ētahi atu wā. E ai ki te uauatanga o ngā āhuatanga whakamātautau mara, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te pūnaha maimoatanga-mua e tika ana hei whakarite i te pono o te tukanga whakamātautau me te tika o ngā hua whakamātautau, me te whakatutuki katoa i ngā hiahia mara o ngā wā rerekē. -
Aroturuki Aunoa Ipurangi mō te Kounga Wai Chromium Hexavalent T9010Cr6
Ka taea e te tātari te mahi aunoa me te mahi tonu mō te wā roa, me te kore e tirotirohia, e ai ki te tautuhinga o te papaanga, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā wai parahanga tukunga parahanga ahumahi, ngā wai parahanga tukanga ahumahi, ngā wai parahanga o ngā whare maimoatanga parahanga ahumahi, ngā wai parahanga o ngā whare maimoatanga parahanga ā-tāone me ētahi atu wā. E ai ki te uauatanga o ngā āhuatanga whakamātautau mara, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te pūnaha maimoatanga-mua e tika ana hei whakarite i te pono o te tukanga whakamātautau me te tika o ngā hua whakamātautau, me te whakatutuki katoa i ngā hiahia mara o ngā wā rerekē. -
T9210Fe Tātari Rino Ipurangi T9210Fe
He inenga ā-irahiko tēnei hua. I raro i ētahi āhuatanga waikawa, ka tauhohe ngā katote ferrous i roto i te tauira ki te tohu hei whakaputa i tētahi matūriki whero. Ka kitea e te tātari te huringa tae, ā, ka hurihia hei uara rino. Ko te nui o te matūriki tae i hangaia he rite ki te nui o te rino. Ko te Tātari Kounga Wai Rino he taputapu tātari ipurangi i hangaia mō te ine tonu me te wā-tūturu i te kukū rino i roto i te wai, tae atu ki ngā katote ferrous (Fe²⁺) me te ferric (Fe³⁺). He tawhā nui te rino i roto i te whakahaere kounga wai nā tōna tūranga rua hei matūkai nui me te poke pea. Ahakoa he mea nui te rino iti mō ngā tukanga koiora, ka taea e ngā kukū teitei te whakaputa raruraru ataahua (hei tauira, te tae whero-parauri, te reka whakarewa), te whakatairanga i te tipu o te huakita (hei tauira, te huakita rino), te whakatere i te waikura i roto i ngā paipa, me te whakararuraru i ngā tukanga ahumahi (hei tauira, te hanga kakahu, pepa, me te hanga haurua-ira). Nō reira, he mea nui te aroturuki i te rino i roto i te maimoatanga wai inu, te whakahaere wai whenua, te whakahaere wai para ahumahi, me te tiaki taiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa ture (hei tauira, e taunaki ana te WHO kia ≤0.3 mg/L te wai inu). Ka whakarei ake te Kaitātari Kounga Wai Rino i te whai huatanga o te mahi, ka whakaiti i ngā utu matū, ā, ka tiaki i ngā hanganga me te hauora tūmatanui. He tūāpapa tēnei mō te whakahaere kounga wai matatau, e hangai ana ki ngā whāinga pumau o te ao me ngā anga ture. -
Aroturuki Ipurangi mō te Paitini Koiora o te Wai T9014W
Ko te Pūnaha Aroturuki Koiora mō te Kounga Wai Ipurangi he huarahi whakarerekētanga ki te aromatawai haumaru wai mā te ine tonu i te pānga paitini whakauru o ngā poke ki ngā rauropi ora, kaua ki te ine noa i ngā kukū matū motuhake. He mea nui tēnei pūnaha aroturuki koiora whānui mō te whakatūpato wawe mō te poke tūpono, ā-tūpono rānei i roto i ngā puna wai inu, ngā awe/para o ngā tipu maimoatanga wai para, ngā tukunga ahumahi, me ngā wai e whiwhi ana. Ka kitea e ia ngā pānga mahi tahi o ngā ranunga poke matatini—tae atu ki ngā konganuku taumaha, ngā patu pepeke, ngā matū ahumahi, me ngā poke hou—ka ngaro pea i ngā tātari matū tikanga. Mā te whakarato i tētahi ine tika, mahi hoki o te pānga koiora o te wai, ka mahi tēnei aroturuki hei kaitiaki tino nui mō te tiaki i te hauora tūmatanui me ngā rauropi wai. Ka taea e ngā ratonga wai me ngā ahumahi te whakaoho tere i ngā urupare—pēnei i te huri i ngā rerenga poke, te whakarerekē i ngā tukanga maimoatanga, te tuku whakatūpato tūmatanui rānei—i mua noa atu i te wātea mai o ngā hua taiwhanga tuku iho. Kei te whakauruhia haeretia te pūnaha ki roto i ngā whatunga whakahaere wai atamai, ka hanga hei wāhanga nui o te tiaki wai pūtake whānui me ngā rautaki tutuki ture i roto i tētahi wā o ngā wero poke uaua. -
Aroturuki Ipurangi mō te Kounga Wai o ngā Huakita Coliform T9015W
Ko te Kaitātari Kounga Wai Huakita Coliform he taputapu aunoa matatau kua hangaia mō te kimi tere, ipurangi me te ine i ngā huakita coliform, tae atu ki te Escherichia coli (E. coli), i roto i ngā tauira wai. Hei tohu matua mō ngā paru, ka tohu ngā huakita coliform i te poke o te moroiti mai i te paru tangata, kararehe rānei, ka pā tika ki te haumaru hauora tūmatanui i roto i te wai inu, i ngā wai whakangahau, i ngā pūnaha whakamahi anō i ngā wai para, me te hanga kai/inu. Ko ngā tikanga tuku iho e hangai ana ki te ahurea e 24-48 hāora te roa mō ngā hua, ka puta he whakaroa urupare nui. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei kaitātari te aroturuki tata-wā-tūturu, ka taea ai te whakahaere mōrearea matatau me te whakamana tonu i te tutuki i ngā ture. Ka tukuna e te kaitātari he painga whakahaere nui, tae atu ki te tukatuka tauira aunoa, te whakaiti i te mōrearea poke, me ngā paepae whakaoho ka taea te whirihora. Kei roto ko ngā huringa horoi-ake, te manatoko whakatikatika, me te takiuru raraunga whānui. Mā te tautoko i ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti ahumahi paerewa (hei tauira, Modbus, 4-20mA), ka hono pai ki te whakahaere tipu me ngā pūnaha SCADA mō ngā matohi tere me te tātari ia o mua.