Tuku Ion/Pūoko Ion
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Irahiko Ā-waikawa CS6711A
Ko te aroturuki katote ahumahi ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai.
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakahaere ko te whakahaere tukanga i te wā tūturu, te kitenga wawe i ngā poke, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ā-ringa. I roto i ngā tipu hiko me ngā pūnaha wai ahumahi, ka ārai i te kino o te waikura utu nui mā te aroturuki i te urunga o te hauota ki roto i te wai whāngai poiha me ngā ara iahiko whakamatao. Mō ngā tono taiao, ka aroturukihia e ia ngā taumata hauota i roto i ngā tukunga waipara me ngā wai taiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao.
Kei roto i ngā aroturuki pūhaumāota hou ngā hoahoa pūoko pakari mō ngā taiao uaua, ngā tikanga horoi aunoa hei ārai i te poke, me ngā atanga matihiko hei whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Mā te whakatinanatanga ka taea te tiaki matatau, ka whakarite i te kounga o te hua, ā, ka tautoko i ngā mahi whakahaere wai pumau mā te whakahaere matū tika. -
Ine Hauota Ārai Ira Hauota W8588CL
Ko te aroturuki katote ahumahi ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai.
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakahaere ko te whakahaere tukanga i te wā tūturu, te kitenga wawe i ngā poke, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ā-ringa. I roto i ngā tipu hiko me ngā pūnaha wai ahumahi, ka ārai i te kino o te waikura utu nui mā te aroturuki i te urunga o te hauota ki roto i te wai whāngai poiha me ngā ara iahiko whakamatao. Mō ngā tono taiao, ka aroturukihia e ia ngā taumata hauota i roto i ngā tukunga waipara me ngā wai taiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao.
Kei roto i ngā aroturuki pūhaumāota hou ngā hoahoa pūoko pakari mō ngā taiao uaua, ngā tikanga horoi aunoa hei ārai i te poke, me ngā atanga matihiko hei whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Mā te whakatinanatanga ka taea te tiaki matatau, ka whakarite i te kounga o te hua, ā, ka tautoko i ngā mahi whakahaere wai pumau mā te whakahaere matū tika. -
Ine Hauota Ārai Ira Hauota W8088CL
Ko te aroturuki katote ahumahi ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai.
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakahaere ko te whakahaere tukanga i te wā tūturu, te kitenga wawe i ngā poke, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ā-ringa. I roto i ngā tipu hiko me ngā pūnaha wai ahumahi, ka ārai i te kino o te waikura utu nui mā te aroturuki i te urunga o te hauota ki roto i te wai whāngai poiha me ngā ara iahiko whakamatao. Mō ngā tono taiao, ka aroturukihia e ia ngā taumata hauota i roto i ngā tukunga waipara me ngā wai taiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao.
Kei roto i ngā aroturuki pūhaumāota hou ngā hoahoa pūoko pakari mō ngā taiao uaua, ngā tikanga horoi aunoa hei ārai i te poke, me ngā atanga matihiko hei whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Mā te whakatinanatanga ka taea te tiaki matatau, ka whakarite i te kounga o te hua, ā, ka tautoko i ngā mahi whakahaere wai pumau mā te whakahaere matū tika. -
Ine Pūhaumāota Ion Chloride, Ine Pūhaumāota Toenga Ngaohiko Pūmau W8288CL
Ko te aroturuki katote ahumahi ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai.
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakahaere ko te whakahaere tukanga i te wā tūturu, te kitenga wawe i ngā poke, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ā-ringa. I roto i ngā tipu hiko me ngā pūnaha wai ahumahi, ka ārai i te kino o te waikura utu nui mā te aroturuki i te urunga o te hauota ki roto i te wai whāngai poiha me ngā ara iahiko whakamatao. Mō ngā tono taiao, ka aroturukihia e ia ngā taumata hauota i roto i ngā tukunga waipara me ngā wai taiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao.
Kei roto i ngā aroturuki pūhaumāota hou ngā hoahoa pūoko pakari mō ngā taiao uaua, ngā tikanga horoi aunoa hei ārai i te poke, me ngā atanga matihiko hei whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Mā te whakatinanatanga ka taea te tiaki matatau, ka whakarite i te kounga o te hua, ā, ka tautoko i ngā mahi whakahaere wai pumau mā te whakahaere matū tika. -
T6510CL Pūhaumāota Ion Aroturuki Mita Haumāota Toenga mō te Maimoatanga Wai
Ko te aroturuki katote ahumahi ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai.
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakahaere ko te whakahaere tukanga i te wā tūturu, te kitenga wawe i ngā poke, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ā-ringa. I roto i ngā tipu hiko me ngā pūnaha wai ahumahi, ka ārai i te kino o te waikura utu nui mā te aroturuki i te urunga o te hauota ki roto i te wai whāngai poiha me ngā ara iahiko whakamatao. Mō ngā tono taiao, ka aroturukihia e ia ngā taumata hauota i roto i ngā tukunga waipara me ngā wai taiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao.
Kei roto i ngā aroturuki pūhaumāota hou ngā hoahoa pūoko pakari mō ngā taiao uaua, ngā tikanga horoi aunoa hei ārai i te poke, me ngā atanga matihiko hei whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Mā te whakatinanatanga ka taea te tiaki matatau, ka whakarite i te kounga o te hua, ā, ka tautoko i ngā mahi whakahaere wai pumau mā te whakahaere matū tika. -
T6010CL Pūhaumāota Ion Aroturuki Mita Haumāota Toenga mō te Maimoatanga Wai
Ko te aroturuki katote ahumahi ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai.
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakahaere ko te whakahaere tukanga i te wā tūturu, te kitenga wawe i ngā poke, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ā-ringa. I roto i ngā tipu hiko me ngā pūnaha wai ahumahi, ka ārai i te kino o te waikura utu nui mā te aroturuki i te urunga o te hauota ki roto i te wai whāngai poiha me ngā ara iahiko whakamatao. Mō ngā tono taiao, ka aroturukihia e ia ngā taumata hauota i roto i ngā tukunga waipara me ngā wai taiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao.
Kei roto i ngā aroturuki pūhaumāota hou ngā hoahoa pūoko pakari mō ngā taiao uaua, ngā tikanga horoi aunoa hei ārai i te poke, me ngā atanga matihiko hei whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Mā te whakatinanatanga ka taea te tiaki matatau, ka whakarite i te kounga o te hua, ā, ka tautoko i ngā mahi whakahaere wai pumau mā te whakahaere matū tika. -
Aroturuki ion chloride T4010CL mō ngā tipu hiko OEM Whakaritenga
He taputapu tātari ipurangi nui te Chloride Ion Monitor i hangaia mō te ine tonu, i te wā tūturu o te kukū o te chloride ion (Cl⁻) i roto i ngā wairewa wai. He whānuitia te whakamahinga puta noa i te whakaputa hiko, te tukatuka matū, te whakaputa hinu me te hau, te maimoatanga wai, me te aroturuki taiao, e whakarato ana i ngā raraunga nui mō te whakahaere waikura, te arotau tukanga, me te tutuki i ngā ture.
Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e te pūnaha he irahiko whiriwhiri-katote (ISE) he pūoko chronopotentiometric matatau ake rānei. Ko te putanga ISE ka whakamahia he kiriuhi motuhake ki te hauota, he maha ngā wā kei roto he hauota hiriwa, he ionophore whiriwhiri rānei, e whakaputa ana i te pūmanawa e ōrite ana ki te mahi irahiko hauota. Ka tukuna e te tikanga chronopotentiometric te pumau ake i roto i ngā matrices uaua mā te whakahou i te mata o te irahiko i ia wā. Ka whakauruhia ngā whirihoranga e rua ki roto i tētahi tātari aunoa e mahi ana i ngā inenga ā-wā, te whakatikatika, me te takiuru raraunga.
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakahaere ko te whakahaere tukanga i te wā tūturu, te kitenga wawe i ngā poke, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ā-ringa. I roto i ngā tipu hiko me ngā pūnaha wai ahumahi, ka ārai i te kino o te waikura utu nui mā te aroturuki i te urunga o te hauota ki roto i te wai whāngai poiha me ngā ara iahiko whakamatao. Mō ngā tono taiao, ka aroturukihia e ia ngā taumata hauota i roto i ngā tukunga waipara me ngā wai taiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao.
Kei roto i ngā aroturuki pūhaumāota hou ngā hoahoa pūoko pakari mō ngā taiao uaua, ngā tikanga horoi aunoa hei ārai i te poke, me ngā atanga matihiko hei whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Mā te whakatinanatanga ka taea te tiaki matatau, ka whakarite i te kounga o te hua, ā, ka tautoko i ngā mahi whakahaere wai pumau mā te whakahaere matū tika. -
Ngā Pūoko Irahiko Ā-hauora Rs485 CS6510C-S8
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
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CS6511C Pūhaumāota Ion Hiko mō te Aroturuki Wai
Ko te aroturuki katote ahumahi ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai.
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakahaere ko te whakahaere tukanga i te wā tūturu, te kitenga wawe i ngā poke, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ā-ringa. I roto i ngā tipu hiko me ngā pūnaha wai ahumahi, ka ārai i te kino o te waikura utu nui mā te aroturuki i te urunga o te hauota ki roto i te wai whāngai poiha me ngā ara iahiko whakamatao. Mō ngā tono taiao, ka aroturukihia e ia ngā taumata hauota i roto i ngā tukunga waipara me ngā wai taiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao.
Kei roto i ngā aroturuki pūhaumāota hou ngā hoahoa pūoko pakari mō ngā taiao uaua, ngā tikanga horoi aunoa hei ārai i te poke, me ngā atanga matihiko hei whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Mā te whakatinanatanga ka taea te tiaki matatau, ka whakarite i te kounga o te hua, ā, ka tautoko i ngā mahi whakahaere wai pumau mā te whakahaere matū tika. -
Hikohiko Ā-wai Chloride CS6511A-S8 mō te Aroturuki Wai
Ko te aroturuki katote ahumahi ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai.
Ko ngā painga matua o te whakahaere ko te whakahaere tukanga i te wā tūturu, te kitenga wawe i ngā poke, me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga ā-ringa. I roto i ngā tipu hiko me ngā pūnaha wai ahumahi, ka ārai i te kino o te waikura utu nui mā te aroturuki i te urunga o te hauota ki roto i te wai whāngai poiha me ngā ara iahiko whakamatao. Mō ngā tono taiao, ka aroturukihia e ia ngā taumata hauota i roto i ngā tukunga waipara me ngā wai taiao kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa taiao.
Kei roto i ngā aroturuki pūhaumāota hou ngā hoahoa pūoko pakari mō ngā taiao uaua, ngā tikanga horoi aunoa hei ārai i te poke, me ngā atanga matihiko hei whakauru pai ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu. Mā te whakatinanatanga ka taea te tiaki matatau, ka whakarite i te kounga o te hua, ā, ka tautoko i ngā mahi whakahaere wai pumau mā te whakahaere matū tika. -
Ngā Pūoko Hikohiko Ā-Iona CS6710C Rs485 Modbus 4-20ma
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
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Pūoko Ārai Hauota Ipurangi mō te Ine Kounga CS6510A-K9 OEM Whakaritenga
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
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Ngā Pūoko Irahiko Ā-hauora CS6510A-S8 Rs485 Modbus 4-20ma
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
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Pūoko Ion Hauāwai RS485 CS6510A Hiko Ion Hauāwai
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
Ko ngā painga matua o te irahiko fluoride ko tōna tino whiriwhiringa i runga i ētahi atu anion noa, te whānuitanga hihiri whānui (mai i te 10⁻⁶ M ki ngā otinga kua mātotoru), te urupare tere, te roa o te ora, me te iti o te utu whakahaere. Ka taea te tātari tere me te kore e hiahiatia he whakarite tauira uaua, he tauhohenga tae rānei. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mita kawe mō te whakamātautau mara, i ngā tātaritanga papa taiwhanga, i whakauruhia rānei ki roto i ngā pūnaha aroturuki ipurangi, ko te fluoride ISE tonu te tikanga whiriwhiri mō te ine fluoride tika, whai hua, me te haere tonu.
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CS6710A Hikohiko Ā-pūhaumāota Ipurangi Mamati F- Cl- Ca2+ NO3- NH4+ K+ Mārō
Ko te Hikohiko Whiriwhiri-Ā-Irahiko (ISE) he pūoko hiko matū tino motuhake, pono hoki i hangaia mō te ine tika i te kaha o te ā-irahiko fluoride (F⁻) i roto i ngā otinga wai. He rongonui mō tōna tino whiriwhiringa, ā, he taputapu paerewa i roto i te matū tātari, te aroturuki taiao, te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi, me te hauora tūmatanui, inā koa mō te arotau i te whakapūhaumāota i roto i te wai inu.
Ko te pūtake o te irahiko he kiriuhi pūoko totoka e titoa ana i te tioata kotahi o te lanthanum fluoride (LaF₃). Ina pā atu ki tētahi otinga, ka taunekeneke ngā iona fluoride mai i te tauira ki te whatanga tioata, ka puta he pūmanawa hiko ka taea te ine puta noa i te kiriuhi. Ko tēnei pūmanawa, e inehia ana ki tētahi irahiko tohutoro ā-roto, he rite tonu ki te mahi iona fluoride e ai ki te whārite Nernst. Ko tētahi whakaritenga nui mō te ine tika ko te tāpiri i te Pūwero Whakatikatika Kaha Ionic Katoa (TISAB). E toru ngā mahi nui a tēnei otinga: ka pupuri i te pH pumau (i te nuinga o te wā tata ki te 5-6), ka whakatika i te papamuri ionic hei ārai i ngā pānga matrix, ā, kei roto hoki ngā kaihoko matatini hei tuku i ngā iona fluoride e herea ana e ngā kationa pokanoa pērā i te konumohe (Al³⁺) te rino rānei (Fe³⁺).
Ko ngā painga matua o te irahiko fluoride ko tōna tino whiriwhiringa i runga i ētahi atu anion noa, te whānuitanga hihiri whānui (mai i te 10⁻⁶ M ki ngā otinga kua mātotoru), te urupare tere, te roa o te ora, me te iti o te utu whakahaere. Ka taea te tātari tere me te kore e hiahiatia he whakarite tauira uaua, he tauhohenga tae rānei. Ahakoa e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mita kawe mō te whakamātautau mara, i ngā tātaritanga papa taiwhanga, i whakauruhia rānei ki roto i ngā pūnaha aroturuki ipurangi, ko te fluoride ISE tonu te tikanga whiriwhiri mō te ine fluoride tika, whai hua, me te haere tonu.