Tuku Ion/Pūoko Ion
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Kaitātari Kōwhiringa Ā-Ipurangi T6010
Ko te mita ion ipurangi ahumahi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. Ka taea te whakauru ki te pūoko whiriwhiri ion o te Fluoride, Chloride, Ca2+, K+,
Ko te NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, me ētahi atu. he mita anaro atamai ipurangi hou i whakawhanakehia, i hangaia hoki e tā mātou kamupene. Ko ngā mahi katoa, te mahi pumau, te whakahaere ngāwari, te iti o te whakamahinga hiko, te haumaru me te pono ko ngā painga nui o tēnei taputapu.
Ka whakamahia e tēnei taputapu ngā irahiko katote anaro ōrite, ka taea te whakamahi whānui i ngā kaupapa ahumahi pēnei i te whakaputa hiko wera, te ahumahi matū, te mahi whakarewa, te tiaki taiao, te rongoā, te matū koiora, te kai me te wai puna. -
Pūoko Āmoniuma CS6714A (NH4+)
Ko te irahiko whiriwhiri katote he momo pūoko hiko matū e whakamahi ana i te pūmanawa membrane hei ine i te ngohe, i te kukū rānei o ngā katote i roto i te otinga. Ina pa atu ki te otinga kei roto ngā katote hei ine, ka puta he pa ki te pūoko i te atanga i waenga i tōna membrane tairongo me te otinga. He hononga tika te ngohe katote ki te pūmanawa membrane. Ka kiia hoki ngā irahiko whiriwhiri katote he irahiko membrane. He membrane irahiko motuhake tō tēnei momo irahiko e aro ana ki ngā katote motuhake. Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te pūmanawa o te membrane irahiko me te ihirangi katote hei ine ka rite ki te tātai matua. He āhuatanga tō tēnei momo irahiko o te whiriwhiri pai me te wā taurite poto, koia te irahiko tohu e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te tātari pūmanawa. -
Pūoko Pāhare pākawa CS6712A (K+)
He tikanga whai hua te irahiko whiriwhiri irahiko pāhare pākawa hei ine i te ihirangi irahiko pāhare pākawa i roto i te tauira. He maha hoki ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā irahiko whiriwhiri irahiko pāhare pākawa i roto i ngā taputapu ipurangi, pērā i te aroturukitanga ihirangi irahiko pāhare pākawa ā-ipurangi ahumahi. He ngāwari te ine i ngā painga o te irahiko whiriwhiri irahiko pāhare pākawa, he tere, he tika hoki te urupare. Ka taea te whakamahi me te mita PH, te mita irahiko me te tātari pāhare pākawa ipurangi, ā, ka whakamahia hoki i roto i te tātari irahiko, me te kite irahiko whiriwhiri irahiko o te tātari weronga rere. -
Pūoko ISE Hikohiko Pākeke Wai Konupūmā Ā-Iona CS6518A Hikohiko Konupūmā Ā-Iona
Ko te Irahiko Kōwhiringa Pakari (Ion Konupūmā) he pūoko tātari nui i hangaia mō te ine tika me te tere o te mahi ion konupūmā (Ca²⁺) i roto i ngā otinga wai. Ahakoa e kiia ana he irahiko "pakari", ka ine motuhake i ngā ion konupūmā kore utu, koinei te tino take o te pakeketanga o te wai. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te aroturukitanga taiao, te maimoatanga wai ahumahi (hei tauira, ngā pūnaha kohua me te whakamatao), te hanga inu, me te ahuwhenua ika, he mea nui te whakahaere tika o te konupūmā mō te whai huatanga o te tukanga, te aukati i te tauine taputapu, me te hauora koiora.
Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e te pūoko he kiriuhi wai, he kiriuhi pūmua rānei kei roto he ionophore whiriwhiri, pērā i te ETH 1001, ētahi atu pūhui motuhake rānei, e pai ake ana te hono atu ki ngā iona konupūmā. Ka hangaia e tēnei taunekeneke he rerekētanga pūmanawa puta noa i te kiriuhi e pā ana ki te hiko tohutoro ā-roto. Ka whai te ngaohiko ine i te whārite Nernst, e whakarato ana i te urupare logarithmic ki te mahi iona konupūmā i roto i te whānuitanga kukū (mai i te 10⁻⁵ ki te 1 M). He pakari ngā putanga hou, he maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana i ngā hoahoa āhua-totoka e tika ana mō te tātari taiwhanga me te aroturuki tukanga ipurangi tonu.
Ko tētahi painga matua o tēnei hikohiko ko tōna kaha ki te tuku i ngā inenga wā-tūturu me te kore e pau te wā ki te matū mākū, pērā i ngā inenga matatini. Heoi, he mea nui te whakatikatika me te whakatikatika tauira. Me whakatikatika te kaha ionic me te pH o ngā tauira mā te whakamahi i tētahi whakatikatika/pūnaha kaha ionic motuhake hei whakau i te pH me te huna i ngā ion e whakararuraru ana pērā i te konupora (Mg²⁺), ka pā pea ki te pānui i roto i ētahi hoahoa. Ina tiakina me te whakatikatika tika, ka tukuna e te hikohiko whiriwhiri-ion konupūmā he tikanga pono, whai hua, me te utu-whai hua mō te whakahaere pakeke motuhake me te tātari konupūmā puta noa i ngā tono maha.
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Aroturuki Hauota Haukini T4015
Ko te aroturuki hauota hauota ā-ipurangi ahumahi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te miihini whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, te maimoatanga wai tiaki taiao, me ētahi atu. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai. Ka whakamahia e ēnei aroturuki ngā hangarau kimi tino tairongo, ko te mea tino noa ko te chemiluminescence mō te ine NOx. I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka tauhohe te NO i roto i te tauira ki te ozone (O₃) hei whakaputa i te hauota hauota whakahihiri, ka tukuna te mārama ina hoki ki tōna āhua taketake; he rite tonu te kaha o te mārama i tukuna ki te kukū NO. Mō te ine NOx katoa (NO + NO₂), ka whakaitihia tuatahitia e te kaitahuri catalytic kua hangaia te NO₂ ki te NO i mua i te tātari. Ko ngā hangarau rerekē ko ngā pūoko hiko mō ngā tono kawe, iti rānei te utu me ngā tikanga e hangai ana ki te laser pērā i te TDLAS mō ngā whakaritenga tino tika. -
Aroturuki Hauota Waikura T4016
Ko te Taputapu Aroturuki Hauota Ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi e ahu mai ana i te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā ahumahi hinu-matū, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te tukatuka koiora, ngā rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā taumata kukū katote i roto i ngā otinga wai. Ko te Aroturuki Hauota Waikura he taputapu tātari matatau i hangaia mō te kimi me te ine tonu, i te wā-tūturu o ngā waikura hauota (NOx), ko te nuinga ko te waikura hauota (NO) me te hauota hauhā (NO₂), i roto i ngā tukunga hau me te hau taiao. He mahi nui tāna i roto i te aroturuki taiao, te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ahumahi, me te tiaki hauora tūmatanui mā te aroturuki i ngā poke e whai wāhi ana ki te hanganga paowa, te ua waikawa, me ngā raruraru manawa. -
Aroturuki Hauota Haukini T6015
Ko te aroturuki hauota haukini ā-ipurangi ahumahi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ā-ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, te maimoatanga wai tiaki taiao, me ētahi atu. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai. He hoahoa pakari ngā aroturuki hou me ngā tikanga horoi-ake, te whakatikatika aunoa, me te tutuki i ngā paerewa o te ao (hei tauira, ngā tikanga EPA me ISO). Ka tautokohia e rātou ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero (Modbus, 4-20 mA, me ētahi atu) mō te whakaurunga maeneene ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere tipu, ka taea ai te urupare aunoa ki ngā huringa kukū. Mā te tuku raraunga tika me te pono, he mea nui te Aroturuki Hauota Haukini mō te tiaki i ngā rauropi wai, te arotau i te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga, me te whakarite i ngā mahi whakahaere wai pumau. -
Aroturuki Hauota Haukini T6015S
Ko te taputapu aroturuki hauota haukini ahumahi ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, te maimoatanga wai tiaki taiao, me ētahi atu. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai. -
Aroturuki Hauota Waikura T6016
Ko te Taputapu Aroturuki Hauota Ipurangi Ahumahi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi e hangai ana ki te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā ahumahi hinu-matū, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te tukatuka koiora, ngā rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā taumata kukū katote i roto i ngā otinga wai. -
Aroturuki Hauota Haukini T6515
Ko te aroturuki hauota haukini ahumahi ipurangi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, te maimoatanga wai tiaki taiao, me ētahi atu. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai. -
Aroturuki hauota haukini T6515S
Ko te aroturuki haukini-hauota ipurangi mō te umanga haukini he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi e mau ana i tētahi tukatuka iti. He momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, te maimoatanga wai tiaki taiao, me ētahi atu. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai. Ko te tūāpapa aunoa o te taputapu he wae tauira, he pūtau tauhohenga matū, he pūtau ine rānei, he pūnaha kimi, me te wae whakahaere me ngā āheinga tuhi raraunga. Ko ngā painga whakahaere matua ko te aroturuki 24/7, 24/7, te whakatūpato wawe mō ngā takahi para, me te whakahaere tika i ngā tukanga whakapūkara/whakakorenga i roto i ngā tipu maimoatanga wai para. I roto i te ahuwhenua ika, ka whakarite i te hauora wai mā te aukati i te hanga haukini paitini. -
Aroturuki Hauota Waikura T6516
Ko te Taputapu Aroturuki Hauota Ipurangi Ahumahi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi e hangai ana ki te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā ahumahi hinu matū, ngā hiko whakarewa, te hanga pepa, te tukatuka koiora, ngā rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā taumata kukū katote i roto i ngā otinga wai. -
Aroturuki Hauota Haukini W8087
Ko te aroturuki hauota hauota ā-ipurangi ahumahi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ā-ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, te maimoatanga wai tiaki taiao, me ētahi atu. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai. Ko te mahi matua o te aroturuki he mea hanga i runga i ngā tikanga kua whakapumautia e rua: te tikanga irahiko whiriwhiri-hau (GSE) te tikanga ine tae rānei (e whakamahi ana i te waikawa salicylic matarohia, i te mātāpono matū Nessler rānei). I roto i ngā pūnaha irahiko, ka wehea te tauira e te kiriuhi uru-hau, ā, ka horapa te haukini ki roto i te irahiko ā-roto, ka puta he huringa pH ine e rite ana ki te kukū haukini. Ka tāpiri aunoa ngā pūnaha ine tae i ngā matū ki te tauira, ā, ka ine te taputapu ine tae i te kaha o te tae i whakawhanakehia e te tauhohenga. -
Aroturuki Hauota Haukini W8087S
Ko te aroturuki hauota haukini ā-ipurangi ahumahi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ā-ipurangi me te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote kei roto i tēnei taputapu, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, ngā hiko whakarewa, te keri, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, te rongoā, te kai me te inu, te maimoatanga wai tiaki taiao, me ētahi atu. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote o ngā otinga wai. Ko te Aroturuki Hauota Haukini he taputapu tātari ipurangi nui kua hangaia mō te ine tonu, i te wā-tūturu o te kukū hauota haukini (NH₃-N) i roto i te wai. He mahi nui tāna i roto i te tiaki taiao, te maimoatanga wai para, te ahuwhenua ika, me te whakahaere tukanga ahumahi mā te whakarato raraunga nui mō te tutuki i ngā ture, te arotau tukanga, me te aukati i te parahanga. -
Aroturuki Waikura Hauota W8089
Ko te Taputapu Aroturuki Hauota Ipurangi Ahumahi he taputapu aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga wai ipurangi e hangai ana ki te tukatuka iti. He maha ngā momo irahiko katote e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, ngā matū hinu, te whakarewa me te hikohiko, te keri maina, te hanga pepa, te hangarau whakapūkara koiora, ngā rongoā, te kai me te inu, me te maimoatanga wai taiao. Ka aroturuki tonu, ka whakahaere hoki i ngā uara kukū katote i roto i ngā otinga wai.